1. Kiarie E, Nyachoti CM. Bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus in feedstuffs for farm animals. Vitti DM, Kebreab E, editorsPhosphorus and calcium utilization and requirements in farm animals. London, UK: CAB International; 2010. p. 76–93.
3. NRC. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev. edWashington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2012.
6. Papp M, Sommerfeld V, Schollenberger M, Avenhaus U, Rodehutscord M. Phytate degradation and phosphorus utilisation by broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat with increased phytase activity. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:375–85.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2021.1966756
10. Jongbloed AW, Everts H, Kemme PA. Phosphorus availability and requirements in pigs. Haresign W, Cole DJA, editorsRecent advances in animal nutrition. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991. p. 65–80.
11. Petersen GI, Pedersen C, Lindemann MD, Stein HH. Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in inorganic phosphorus sources fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:460–6.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2161
12. Lima FR, Fernandes JIM, Oliveira E, Fronzaglia GC, Kahn H. Laboratory evaluations of feed-grade and agricultural-grade phosphates. Poult Sci 1999; 78:1717–28.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.12.1717
14. Cromwell GL, Stahly TS, Coffey RD, Monegue HJ, Randolph JH. Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal and corn-soybean meal diets for pigs. J Anim Sci 1993; 71:1831–40.
https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7171831x
15. Lima FR, Mendonça CX, Alvarez JC, et al. Chemical and physical evaluations of commercial dicalcium phosphates as sources of phosphorus in animal nutrition. Poult Sci 1995; 74:1659–70.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0741659
16. Leikam DF, Achorn FP. Phosphate fertilizers: Production, characteristics, and technologies. Sims JT, Sharpley AN, editorsPhosphorus: agriculture and the environment. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America; 2005. p. 23–50.
17. Stewart WM, Hammond LL, Kauwenbergh SJV. Phosphorus as a natural resource. Sims JT, Sharpley AN, editorsPhosphorus: Agriculture and the environment. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America; 2005. p. 3–22.
18. Speight JG. Industrial inorganic chemistry. Speight JG, editorEnvironmental inorganic chemistry for engineers. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2017. p. 111–69.
19. Baker DH. Phosphorus sources for poultry. Multi-State Poult Newsl 1989; 1:5–6.
21. Petersen GI, Stein HH. Novel procedure for estimating endogenous losses and measurement of apparent and true digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:2126–32.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-479
22. Schrödter K, Bettermann G, Staffel T, et al. Phosphoric acid and phosphates. Ley C, editorUllmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2008.
23. Rey C, Combes C, Drouet C, Grossin D. 1.111 - Bioactive ceramics: physical chemistry. Ducheyne P, editorComprehensive biomaterials. Oxford, UK: Elsevier; 2011. p. 187–221.
24. Butt CA. Manufacture of defluorinated tricalcium phosphate. Lake Forest, IL, USA: International Minerals and Chemical Corp; 1948.
26. Spencer JD, Allee GL, Sauber TE. Phosphorus bioavailability and digestibility of normal and genetically modified low-phytate corn for pigs. J Anim Sci 2000; 78:675–81.
https://doi.org/10.2527/2000.783675x
27. Weremko D, Fandrejewski H, Zebrowska T, et al. Bioavailability of phosphorus in feeds of plant origin for pigs-Review-. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 1997; 10:551–66.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1997.551
28. McGlone JJ, Pond WG. Pig production: Biological principles and applications. Independence, KY, USA: Delmar Learning, Thomson Learning; 2003.
29. Cromwell GL, Hays VW, Scherer CW, Overfield JR. Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus on performance and carcass, metacarpal and turbinate characteristics of swine. J Anim Sci 1972; 34:746–51.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.345746x
30. NRC. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th rev. edWashington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 1998.
31. Ajakaiye A, Fan MZ, Archbold T, et al. Determination of true digestive utilization of phosphorus and the endogenous phosphorus outputs associated with soybean meal for growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2003; 81:2766–75.
https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81112766x
32. Bohlke RA, Thaler RC, Stein HH. Calcium, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility in low-phytate corn, normal corn, and soybean meal by growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2005; 83:2396–403.
https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.83102396x
33. Zhang F, Ragland D, Adeola O. Comparison of apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium sources for pigs. Can J Anim Sci 2016; 96:563–9.
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2016-0043
34. Dilger RN, Adeola O. Estimation of true phosphorus digestibility and endogenous phosphorus loss in growing pigs fed conventional and low-phytate soybean meals. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:627–34.
https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.843627x
35. Fan MZ, Archbold T, Sauer WC, et al. Novel methodology allows simultaneous measurement of true phosphorus digestibility and the gastrointestinal endogenous phosphorus outputs in studies with pigs. J Nutr 2001; 131:2388–96.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.9.2388
36. Shen Y, Fan MZ, Ajakaiye A, Archbold T. Use of the regression analysis technique to determine the true phosphorus digestibility and the endogenous phosphorus output associated with corn in growing pigs. J Nutr 2002; 132:1199–206.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1199
37. Kim BG, Lee JW, Stein HH. Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in whey powder, whey permeate, and low-ash whey permeate fed to weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:289–95.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4145
38. Kwon WB, Park SK, Kim BG. Determination of additivity of apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in mixed diet fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:E-Suppl s375(Abstr.)
40. Rodehutscord M, Dieckmann A, Witzig M, Shastak Y. A note on sampling digesta from the ileum of broilers in phosphorus digestibility studies. Poult Sci 2012; 91:965–71.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01943
44. Stein HH, Adeola O, Cromwell GL, Kim SW, Mahan DC, Miller PS. Concentration of dietary calcium supplied by calcium carbonate does not affect the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium, but decreases digestibility of phosphorus by growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2139–44.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3522
45. Grimbergen AHM, Cornelissen JP, Stappers HP. The relative availability of phosphorus in inorganic feed phosphates for young turkeys and pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1985; 13:117–30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(85)90047-1
47. Shastak Y, Witzig M, Hartung K, Rodehutscord M. Comparison of retention and prececal digestibility measurements in evaluating mineral phosphorus sources in broilers. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2201–9.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-02063
48. Kwon WB, Kim BG. Standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in various inorganic phosphates fed to growing pigs. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:918–24.
https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12785
49. Lopez DAL. Composition and digestibility of different sources of feed phosphates by growing pigs [M. S. Thesis]. Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; 2020.
51. González-Vega JC, Walk CL, Stein HH. Effects of microbial phytase on apparent and standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium supplements fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2255–64.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8215
54. Baker SR, Kim BG, Stein HH. Comparison of values for standardized total tract digestibility and relative bioavailability of phosphorus in dicalcium phosphate and distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:203–10.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3776