Anim Biosci > Volume 33(12); 2020 > Article |
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Items | Diets | ||
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Corn bran | Sugar beet pulp | Soybean hulls | |
Ingredients | |||
Corn starch | 446.0 | 444.5 | 425.9 |
Soy protein isolated | 140.0 | 140.0 | 140.0 |
Corn bran | 240.0 | - | - |
Sugar beet pulp | - | 240.0 | - |
Soybean hulls | - | - | 240.0 |
Soy oil | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
Sucrose | 100.0 | 100.0 | 120.0 |
Limestone | 5.5 | - | - |
Dicalcium phosphate | 16.0 | 22.0 | 21.0 |
L-lysine-HCl | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.2 |
DL-methionine | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
L-threonine | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Cr2O3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
NaCl | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
K2CO3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
MgO | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Premix1) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Total | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
1) Premix provided the following quantities per kilogram of the complete feed for growing pigs: vitamin A, 5,512 IU; vitamin D3, 2,200 IU; vitamin E, 64 IU; vitamin K3, 2.2 mg; vitamin B12, 27.6 μg; riboflavin, 5.5 mg; pantothenic acid, 13.8 mg; niacin, 30.3 mg; choline chloride, 551 mg; Mn, 40 mg (MnO); Fe, 100 mg (FeSO4·H2O); Zn, 100 mg (ZnO); Cu, 100 mg (CuSO4·5H2O); I, 0.3 mg (CaI2); Se, 0.3 mg (Na2SeO3).
Items | Body weight | Diets | SEM | p-value | |||||
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60 kg | 25 kg | CB | SBP | SH | Weight | Source | Interaction | ||
GE | 72.27 | 71.38 | 73.49a | 71.16b | 70.31b | 1.37 | 0.432 | 0.029 | 0.023 |
DM | 69.38 | 67.85 | 71.13a | 67.03b | 67.19b | 1.25 | 0.154 | <0.001 | 0.068 |
Ash | 17.01 | 19.73 | 24.29a | 13.65b | 17.17ab | 4.89 | 0.111 | <0.001 | 0.314 |
OM | 72.61 | 70.85 | 73.80a | 71.65ab | 69.74b | 1.11 | 0.064 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
EE | 79.26 | 73.67 | 78.89a | 68.59b | 71.92ab | 6.37 | 0.293 | 0.014 | <0.001 |
TDF | 8.92 | 8.41 | 2.09 | 15.84 | 8.05 | 5.52 | 0.663 | 0.094 | 0.323 |
SDF | 27.85 | 22.67 | 9.68c | 21.86b | 44.25a | 9.81 | 0.529 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
IDF | 2.66 | 3.00 | 1.74 | 5.18 | 1.57 | 4.34 | 0.809 | 0.723 | 0.193 |
NDF | 14.95 | 15.97 | 15.01 | 17.72 | 13.64 | 3.72 | 0.740 | 0.552 | 0.068 |
ADF | 4.51 | 4.31 | 4.40 | 6.08 | 2.75 | 4.27 | 0.073 | 0.188 | 0.894 |
Cellulose | 3.85 | 5.75 | 4.51 | 7.21 | 2.68 | 4.27 | 0.064 | 0.091 | 0.872 |
Hemicellulose | 34.66 | 30.06 | 19.10b | 38.94a | 39.03a | 4.37 | 0.210 | <0.001 | 0.014 |
1) Data represent least square means (n = 6), and individual pig was treated as the experimental unit.
CB, corn bran; SBP, sugar beet pulp; SH, soybean hulls; SEM, standard error of the mean; GE, gross energy; DM, dry matter; OM, organic matter; EE, ether extract; TDF, total dietary fiber; SDF, soluble dietary fiber; IDF, insoluble dietary fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber.
Items | Body weight | Diets | SEM | p-value | |||||
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60 kg | 25 kg | CB | SBP | SH | Weight | Source | Interaction | ||
Crude protein | 83.02B | 86.19A | 83.52b | 84.25ab | 86.05a | 2.01 | <0.001 | 0.022 | <0.001 |
Indispensable amino acids | |||||||||
Arginine | 86.32B | 92.00A | 89.53ab | 90.14a | 87.80b | 2.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.030 |
Histidine | 83.44B | 89.31A | 85.04b | 87.70a | 86.38ab | 1.54 | <0.001 | 0.041 | 0.374 |
Isoleucine | 84.96B | 90.83A | 86.95 | 88.44 | 88.29 | 1.32 | <0.001 | 0.064 | 0.028 |
Leucine | 84.22B | 89.12A | 85.53 | 87.80 | 86.69 | 1.26 | 0.023 | 0.079 | 0.174 |
Lysine | 86.73B | 92.08A | 87.67b | 91.81a | 88.73ab | 1.09 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Methionine | 74.86B | 78.74A | 71.08b | 86.31a | 73.01b | 2.46 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Phenylalanine | 85.65B | 89.87A | 86.78 | 88.00 | 88.50 | 1.31 | <0.001 | 0.059 | 0.042 |
Threonine | 78.34B | 88.34A | 82.74 | 83.36 | 83.91 | 1.15 | <0.001 | 0.073 | 0.014 |
Valine | 87.21 | 83.80 | 85.90 | 85.53 | 85.10 | 1.15 | 0.154 | 0.611 | 0.020 |
Dispensable amino acids | |||||||||
Alanine | 86.20 | 86.31 | 83.59 | 89.21 | 85.96 | 3.74 | 0.932 | 0.157 | 0.271 |
Aspartic acid | 84.46B | 90.11A | 86.58 | 88.26 | 87.02 | 1.27 | <0.001 | 0.063 | <0.001 |
Cystine | 76.68B | 88.66A | 80.57b | 82.80ab | 84.64a | 1.67 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.133 |
Glutamic acid | 88.70 | 92.47 | 90.52 | 90.96 | 90.28 | 1.92 | 0.324 | 0.133 | 0.112 |
Glycine | 83.40 | 83.19 | 87.76 | 78.52 | 83.59 | 5.98 | 0.910 | 0.240 | 0.758 |
Proline | 69.09 | 64.15 | 68.27ab | 77.37a | 54.22b | 8.25 | 0.667 | 0.031 | 0.143 |
Serine | 76.37B | 86.75A | 81.75 | 82.80 | 80.12 | 1.36 | <0.001 | 0.109 | <0.001 |
Tyrosine | 80.40B | 82.50A | 80.26b | 80.50b | 83.59a | 1.60 | <0.001 | 0.024 | <0.001 |
Items | Body weight | Diets | SEM | p-value | |||||
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60 kg | 25 kg | CB | SBP | SH | Weight | Source | Interaction | ||
GE | 86.64 | 85.95 | 82.69c | 89.50a | 86.69b | 0.72 | 0.263 | <0.001 | 0.421 |
DM | 86.04 | 85.31 | 81.90c | 88.99a | 86.14b | 0.76 | 0.242 | <0.001 | 0.294 |
Ash | 45.47B | 50.62A | 49.41a | 42.85b | 51.88a | 2.42 | 0.020 | <0.001 | 0.058 |
OM | 88.04 | 87.13 | 83.38c | 91.49a | 87.90b | 0.69 | 0.121 | <0.001 | 0.410 |
EE | 43.19 | 36.01 | 46.71a | 32.78b | 39.30b | 4.76 | 0.079 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
TDF | 58.39A | 51.21B | 33.22b | 69.21a | 67.97a | 7.22 | 0.037 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
SDF | 82.74A | 74.62B | 58.27b | 90.13a | 87.64a | 9.63 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.334 |
IDF | 52.99A | 47.11B | 28.92b | 57.53a | 63.69a | 8.15 | 0.020 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
NDF | 58.22 | 60.03 | 40.17b | 70.28a | 66.92a | 2.96 | 0.463 | <0.001 | 0.211 |
ADF | 51.95 | 50.87 | 30.39b | 64.80a | 59.05a | 3.82 | 0.732 | <0.001 | 0.510 |
Cellulose | 59.87 | 56.94 | 33.14c | 80.57a | 61.49b | 4.06 | 0.390 | <0.001 | 0.592 |
Hemicellulose | 68.09 | 67.56 | 43.13b | 75.81a | 77.03a | 2.53 | 0.871 | <0.001 | 0.384 |
1) Data represent least square means (n = 6), and individual pig was treated as the experimental unit.
CB, corn bran; SBP, sugar beet pulp; SH, soybean hulls; SEM, standard error of the mean; GE, gross energy; DM, dry matter; OM, organic matter; EE, ether extract; TDF, total dietary fiber; SDF, soluble dietary fiber; IDF, insoluble dietary fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber.
Items | Body weight | Diets | SEM | p-value | |||||
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60 kg | 25 kg | CB | SBP | SH | Weight | Source | Interaction | ||
GE | 14.37 | 14.58 | 8.70b | 18.34a | 16.38a | 1.61 | 0.881 | <0.001 | 0.164 |
DM | 16.66 | 17.46 | 10.27c | 21.96a | 18.96b | 1.43 | 0.504 | <0.001 | 0.203 |
Ash | 28.46 | 30.89 | 25.12 | 29.21 | 34.71 | 5.61 | 0.742 | 0.122 | 0.520 |
OM | 15.43 | 16.28 | 9.59b | 19.83a | 18.15a | 1.25 | 0.420 | <0.001 | 0.087 |
EE | −50.27 | −37.66 | −32.18 | −57.10 | −32.62 | 7.83 | 0.133 | 0.064 | 0.231 |
TDF | 49.47 | 42.81 | 31.13b | 53.37a | 59.92a | 6.54 | 0.062 | <0.001 | 0.063 |
SDF | 54.88 | 51.94 | 48.59 | 68.26 | 43.39 | 8.81 | 0.231 | 0.312 | <0.001 |
IDF | 50.33A | 44.12B | 27.19b | 52.36a | 62.12a | 5.9 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.222 |
NDF | 43.26 | 44.06 | 25.15b | 52.56a | 53.28a | 4.29 | 0.819 | <0.001 | 0.448 |
ADF | 47.45 | 46.56 | 25.99b | 58.72a | 56.30a | 5.58 | 0.110 | <0.001 | 0.842 |
Cellulose | 56.02A | 51.19B | 28.64c | 73.36a | 58.81b | 5.72 | 0.041 | <0.001 | 0.664 |
Hemicellulose | 33.43 | 37.50 | 24.03b | 36.86a | 38.00a | 4.19 | 0.806 | <0.001 | 0.041 |
1) Data represent least square means (n = 6), and individual pig was treated as the experimental unit.
CB, corn bran; SBP, sugar beet pulp; SH, soybean hulls; SEM, standard error of the mean; GE, gross energy; DM, dry matter; OM, organic matter; EE, ether extract; TDF, total dietary fiber; SDF, soluble dietary fiber; IDF, insoluble dietary fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber.
Items (mg/g) | Body weight | Diets | SEM | p-value | |||||
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60 kg | 25 kg | CB | SBP | SH | Weight | Source | Interaction | ||
Feces | |||||||||
Lactate | 0.23 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 0.152 | 0.194 | 0.274 |
Acetate | 10.32A | 8.91B | 8.06 | 9.52 | 11.27 | 0.93 | 0.011 | 0.152 | 0.322 |
Propionate | 6.69A | 4.84B | 4.65 | 4.27 | 8.38 | 0.71 | 0.013 | 0.111 | 0.257 |
Isobutyrate | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.78 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.718 | 0.310 | 0.658 |
Butyrate | 4.01A | 2.95B | 2.17c | 3.31b | 4.96a | 0.46 | 0.014 | 0.008 | 0.082 |
Isovalerate | 1.52 | 0.76 | 0.54 | 0.99 | 1.89 | 0.19 | 0.653 | 0.124 | 0.464 |
Valerate | 1.47A | 1.07B | 0.49b | 0.96b | 2.36a | 0.21 | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.023 |
Total SCFAs | 24.91A | 19.74B | 16.80c | 20.35b | 29.83a | 1.29 | 0.006 | 0.011 | 0.241 |
Ileal digesta | |||||||||
Lactate | 3.45A | 2.41B | 3.77a | 2.11b | 2.90ab | 0.93 | 0.031 | 0.014 | 0.391 |
Acetate | 5.87A | 2.83B | 3.88 | 4.35 | 4.83 | 0.51 | 0.012 | 0.653 | 0.245 |
Propionate | 1.08A | 0.92B | 0.60b | 0.81b | 1.60a | 0.21 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.122 |
Isobutyrate | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.884 | 0.402 | 0.893 |
Butyrate | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.716 | 0.560 | 0.786 |
Total SCFAs | 11.55A | 6.54B | 9.25 | 8.07 | 9.82 | 1.21 | 0.008 | 0.132 | 0.354 |