Determination and prediction of net energy of soybean meal fed to pregnant sows by indirect calorimetry

Xue, Lei; Zhang, Can; Cheng, Bo; Song, Qian; Johnston, Lee J.; Liu, Ling; Wang, Fenglai; Zang, Jianjun

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Anim Biosci > Accepted Articles

Article

https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0663 [Accepted] Published online February 27, 2025.

Determination and prediction of net energy of soybean meal fed to pregnant sows by indirect calorimetry

Lei Xue¹

, Jianjun Zang^1,*

¹China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
²University of Minnesota, Morris, United States

Correspondence: Jianjun Zang, Tel: +86-13910771631, Fax: +86-10-62733590, Email: zangjj@cau.edu.cn

Received: 23 September 2024 • Revised: 17 October 2024 • Accepted: 27 November 2024

Abstract

Objective
The study was conducted to investigate the appropriate substitution level of soybean meal (SBM) for determining its net energy (NE), and establish NE prediction equation of SBM based on the determined NE values for pregnant sows.
Methods
In Exp. 1, eighteen pregnant sows (Landrace×Yorkshire; parity, 2 to 3) with an initial body weight (BW) of 221.2±2.6 kg at mid-gestation were blocked by BW and randomly assigned into 3 groups. Three groups fed with a corn-SBM basal diet and two test diets with 15% and 30% energy-supplying components replaced by SBM, respectively. In Exp. 2, six diets were formulated including a corn-SBM basal diet and five SBM diets (based on the substitution level determined of Exp. 1) with different soybean sources and processing methods. Moreover, 12 pregnant pigs (BW = 209.0±3.0 kg; parity, 3 to 4) at mid-gestation were arranged in a 6×3 Youden square design.
Results
Increasing substitution levels of SBM linearly increased (p<0.05) fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion and the ratio of urinary energy to digestible energy (DE), while linearly decreased (p<0.05) the ratio of metabolizable energy (ME) to DE and tended to linearly decrease dietary ME (p=0.066) and NE (p=0.074). The coefficient of variation for the NE of SBM was lower at a 15% substitution level compared to a 30% substitution level. The nutritional compositions of SBM are influenced by the soybean sources and processing methods. As dry matter basis, NE values of SBM ranged from 11.1 to 12.7 MJ/kg and the best-fitted prediction equation for NE of SBM was: NE (MJ/kg) = −91.71+5.35×gross energy (%)−0.03×neutral detergent fiber (%; R2 = 0.96).
Conclusion
A substitution level of 15% was more appropriate to determine NE of SBM. Furthermore, NE values of SBM can be predicted based on their nutritional compositions.

Keywords: Net Energy; Prediction; Pregnant Sows; Soybean Meal; Substitution Level